This article revises some of the main elements within Peirce’s general theory of signs and their relationship with discourse analysis. Our discussion focuses on the dialogues between researchers in the areas of semiotics and discourse analysis to follow up interdisciplinary studies on the processes of language signification. The article firstly relates the Peircean trivium and discourse analysis; secondly, examines Pignatari’s analysis on the relations between verbal and non-verbal codes; and, thirdly, discusses Peirce’s footprints in the development of the Linguistic Turn, (...) especially through his influence in pthe works of Wittgenstein, Grice and Austin. The article concludes that such interdisciplinary postmodern dialogues can be used for the development of more grounded modalities of pragmatic discourse analyses. (shrink)

A reality-design gap in the conceptualization and practice of digital agriculture has been systematically reported in the literature. This condition is favored by the lack of understanding and inclusion of local worldviews around digital technologies. Informed by Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, this study looks to bring stories of local appropriation to the spotlight. Based on a qualitative approach that included data collected through interviews with 73 households, the authors explored the way in which two selected communities of Colombian coffee growers (...) are engaged in the use of digital technologies in material and symbolic ways. Three emergent themes—a relational way of farming, (dis)connected machines, and nurtured families and communities – articulate multiple interactions between farmers, farms, institutional programs, and technologies, that originate local forms of digitalization (and non-digitalization). This study points out the relevant role of situated ideas of development in positioning technologies in or out of the farm, and broader digitalization agendas in or out of farmers’ life projects. At the same time, it presents a critique of notions of universality that drive unquestioned quests for technification. In contrast, building on a relational perspective, this study calls for embracing a perspective of multiplicity within notions of development and innovation. (shrink)

Este ensayo se propone mirar las evoluciones sociales y políticas de la región andina, inscritas en las demandas por procesos constituyentes y la elaboración de nuevas constituciones en Ecuador y Bolivia, uno de cuyos aportes profundos está en que ambas recuperan el concepto, de los pueblos indígena..

Procura-se identificar algumas das origens históricas do negacionismo, dando ênfase aos seus aspectos filosóficos. Apresenta-se uma revisão de alguns conceitos basilares como os de verdade e episteme, destacando o quanto foram importantes na História das Ideias e na Filosofia Ocidental. Analisa-se, ainda que de forma resumida, o aspecto social da questão, por meio da compreensão da mudança do sujeito e suas relações de trabalho ao longo da História, principalmente no período pós-industrial. Por fim, discute-se a práxis negacionista, destacando suas principais (...) influências filosóficas e consequências. (shrink)

Las diferentes filosofías de la existencia durante el siglo XX, giraron el lente de la filosofía para enfocar problemáticas de la cotidianidad. En parte, se trataba de un cambio respecto de los intereses filosóficos de grandes sistemas que, con ciertas metodologías en armonía con su objeto, se enfocaban en un resultado universal, abstracto y omniabarcante: la historicidad, lo absoluto o el espíritu, la conciencia, la religión, el capitalismo, la historia, la fundamentación del conocimiento científico o matemático, por enumerar los más (...) reconocidos. (shrink)

This article proposes a guideline to develop an ontology of software. The first section gives a brief introduction to the importance of such ontology as a possible conceptual grounding for the philosophy of software, philosophy of computing and philosophy of information. The second section presents the background of the scope of this article in terms of both a symbolic and materialistic approach to software. The third section deploys the basic guidelines with the expositions of the two dimensions of software: the (...) serial dimension and the structural dimension. The first dimension consists of three series, while the second in the exposition of the structure of any program. The fourth and last section will deal with a better understanding of what we can call the digital universe. (shrink)

Este artículo trata, en un primer momento, de presentar los puntos fundamentales de la propuesta de Deleuze y Guattari en torno a la literatura menor, para pasar, en un segundo momento, a mostrar cómo, en Tirano Banderas, Del Valle-Inclán crea una literatura menor que permite al lector experimentar distintas maneras de enunciación que rompen formas tradicionales de creación literaria y expresan intensidades y rupturas en el mecanismo maquínico de ejercicio del poder en América Latina. De esta manera, Tirano Banderas, como (...) obra de arte, vuelve sensible preceptos y afectos autónomos en el marco de una metamorfización de la forma en la que se presentan los personajes, los contenidos y los acontecimientos. (shrink)

The history of Latin American societies since their beginnings has been marked by popular revolts. It is a history written the majority of the time with violence which claims the right to life. It is the history of a community that refuses and resists the loss of its spaces. It has always been..

The current economic crisis, unsustainable growth, and financial scandals invite reflection on the role of universities in professional training, particularly those who have to manage businesses. This study analyzes the main factors that might determine the extent to which Spanish organizational management educators use corporate social responsibility (CSR) or business ethics stand-alone subjects to equip students with alternative views on business. A web content analysis and non-parametric mean comparison statistics of the curricula of undergraduate degrees in all universities in Spain (...) were conducted. The main conclusion of this paper is related to the Bologna effect in Spanish universities. Comparing our results with prior research in this matter, it is demonstrated that the main reason that explains the increase of CSR and ethical education in Spain is the Bologna process and its adaptation to the European Higher Education Area. Also, private universities in Spain are more likely to require an ethics course than public universities. Other factors, such as size, political orientation, or related to CSR chairs are not statistically explanatory of CSR and ethical education. (shrink)

Neste artigo abordaremos a questão da mentira, em Kant, vinculando a questões de ordem moral. Pois, sendo a ética e o direito ramos da moral, o problema da mentira encontra-se em saber se ela é uma questão ética ou jurídica, ou se é um problema moral, que engloba tanto a ética como o direito, que não legitimam tal ato. Iniciaremos esta unidade com a análise dos conceitos de moral, ética e direito buscando compreender o que constitui cada um desses campos (...) da cultura e qual a distinção entre ambos. Em seguida trataremos, em especial, da questão da mentira na filosofia prática de Kant, abordando o seu posicionamento ético sobre o ato de mentir, onde é levantada a questão em saber se uma falsa declaração pode ser legitimada ou não. Por fim, analisaremos o debate entre Kant e Benjamim Constant, sobre a problemática da mentira, onde será tratada a questão de um suposto direito de mentir e dos princípios gerais e intermediários, a saber, se é possível a aplicação de um princípio geral de forma absoluta isolada sem o auxílio de princípios intermediários. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to analyze succinctly the ages of nations in the philosophical standpoint of Giambattista Vico, with special reference to the heroic age. It will be interesting to apply these categories onto the athletic Greek experience with the objective of reclaiming the necessary knowledge of the agonal virtue. Such argument is still valuable nowadays because of the dangerous mistakes of strictly idealistic positions.

El objetivo perseguido al aceptar coordinar este monográfico fue proporcionar un estado de la cuestión sobre las diferentes materias a las que habían podido contribuir los escritores que habitualmente se asocian a la Escuela de Salamanca en el período comprendido entre la llegada del dominico Francisco de Vitoria a Salamanca y el fallecimiento del jesuita Francisco Suárez. La misma existencia de la Escuela nos parecía que merecía una consideración por parte de los investigadores que colaboraran en el número (...) que tan generosamente el director de la revista _Araucaria_ nos había ofrecido publicar. Nos hubiera gustado incluir algún tema más, especialmente por lo que respecta a la ciencia, en su parte de teoría física y en la emparentada con la historia natural, que creemos que en buena parte está por hacer para el período de referencia. (shrink)

Psychological flexibility is a key concept of acceptation and commitment therapy. This factor has been linked with psychological wellbeing and associated factors, such as quality of life, in cancer patients. These and other positive results of acceptation and commitment therapy in cancer patients found in previous research could be enhanced by using mhealth tools. A three-arm randomized superiority clinical trial, with a pre-post-follow-up repeated measures intergroup design with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio is proposed. A hundred and twenty cancer patients will (...) be randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: face-to-face ACT + mobile application, face-to-face ACT, and Waitlist control group. The primary expected outcome is to observe significant improvements in psychological flexibility acceptance and action questionnaire- II in the face-to-face ACT + app group, after comparing baseline and post-treatment scores, and the scores will remain stable in the two assessment points, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Secondary expected outcomes are significant increasing scores in quality of life and post-traumatic-growth, and significant decreasing scores in anxiety and depression, insomnia and fatigue at the same assessment points. Also, it is expected that the scores of this group will be higher than the scores of the face-to-face ACT group and the waitlist control group. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a combined intervention for psychological flexibility and associated symptoms in cancer patients. The results of this protocol may help to consider the use of acceptation and commitment therapy and mhealth applications in cancer settings as a valid therapeutic choice.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05126823]. (shrink)

Since most of the functions in cells are mediated by multimeric protein complexes, the determination of protein–protein interactions is an important step in the study of cellular mechanisms. Traditionally, after screening for possible target interactors by means of a yeast two‐hybrid screen, several methods are used to validate the initial result before carrying out functional experiments. Nowadays, non‐invasive fluorescence‐based methods like Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) are widely used in the study of protein–protein interactions (...) in living cells. In the present review, we address the individual strengths and weaknesses of both RET approaches, providing information on their possible future use in the study of G protein‐coupled receptor oligomerization. BioEssays 30:82–89, 2008. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

En este artículo se afirma que la idea de ‘virtual’ o de ‘virtualidad’ pertenece a una perspectiva teórica que pretende explicar los componentes del fenómeno de la sociedad tecnológica de hoy en día. En primer lugar, la perspectiva digital es explicada en su estructura ontológica básica: códigos binarios que organizan un set de elementos físicos o un hardware de acuerdo con reglas lógicas. Por ende, la idea de sociedad en red, comunicación virtual y seres humanos digitales son conceptos que no (...) aprehenden realmente el problema de la tecnología digital en nuestra sociedad. Una perspectiva digital asume la necesidad de entender la tecnología digital en su funcionamiento físico, lo que permite una representación completa del problema y permite el análisis crítico subsecuente de la perspectiva virtual. En segundo lugar, la perspectiva virtual es analizada desde la perspectiva digital hasta en sus principales suposiciones metafísicas: la simulación, como un ideal moral presupuesto, y la funcionalidad, como una idea instrumental presupuesta. Finalmente, la conclusión explica las posibilidades dadas por la perspectiva digital en aras de asumir nuevos retos en el universo digital, en contraste con una perspectiva virtual que podría pre-limitar dichas posibilidades para que necesidades previas sean satisfechas. Por ende, este artículo, antes que mostrar un argumento bien definido, exhorta a la reorientación de nuestras nociones acerca de lo virtual y de lo digital. (shrink)

Peroxisomal matrix proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and rapidly transported into the organelle by a complex machinery. The data gathered in recent years suggest that this machinery operates through a syringe-like mechanism, in which the shuttling receptor PEX5 − the “plunger” − pushes a newly synthesized protein all the way through a peroxisomal transmembrane protein complex − the “barrel” − into the matrix of the organelle. Notably, insertion of cargo-loaded receptor into the “barrel” is an ATP-independent process, whereas extraction (...) of the receptor back into the cytosol requires its monoubiquitination and the action of ATP-dependent mechanoenzymes. Here, we review the main data behind this model. The peroxin PEX5 is the peroxisomal matrix protein receptor. It shuttles between the cytosol and the organelle membrane, where it gets inserted into the docking/translocation module, thus pushing the cargo-protein into the peroxisome lumen. Resetting the system involves PEX5 monoubiquitination and its extraction from the membrane by the AAA-ATPases, PEX1/PEX6. (shrink)

To explain the contribution of new media to political participation it need to be distinguished the types of participation; displayed limits participation and overcoming traditional with new media; distinguish between e-government and e-democracy; promote new instruments mediatically of influence with the State and assess the boundaries of participation in social networks.

Digital technologies raised the expectation of improving democracy by generating spaces and instruments to increase citizen participation. However, some of its uses have led to denigrate democratic deliberation. With an analytical method on theoretical references and the results of empirical research, the democratic challenges of digital technologies are reviewed to show their political and ethical nature. The results show reasons to abandon optimistic techno-determinism. The findings suggest, on the one hand, that digital technology can solve the obstacles of sophisticated public (...) policy information and the complexity of the huge number of participants. But, on the other hand, digital processes should not be homogenized, nor pigeonholed into models of electronic democracy; endogenous defects should be inhibited with self-correcting designs. The task of digital technologies in the future is to develop artificial intelligence to implement the largest possible number of citizen participation mechanisms, expand their demographic reach to close gaps, complement mediation procedures and promote inclusive deliberation. The corollary shows that the future of electronic democracy lies in techno-political pedagogy. (shrink)

La filosofía de Wittgenstein, en cada una de sus dos etapas, presenta criterios para evaluar el psicoanálisis. La primera evaluación es explícita al psicoanálisis freudiano y lo rechaza. La segunda evaluación es conjeturada en este texto para aceptar la versión del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Para exponer ambas se realiza un análisis teórico conceptual de la literatura wittgensteiniana sobre Freud y sobre la pragmática lingüística aplicada a: la ruptura de la unidad del significante sobre el significado que tomó Lacan de Saussure; la (...) distinción entre enunciado y enunciación que Lacan tomó de Quine; y la distinción entre decir y mostrar. Ello permitirá comprender la distinta postura de Wittgenstein hacia el psicoanálisis, entre ambas etapas, y las razones para aceptar a Lacan, otorgando evidencia de cómo Lacan se convirtió en un discípulo wittgensteiniano y el valor que tiene la metáfora en dicha consideración. (shrink)

The objectives of the present study were to adapt a grief intervention program to family caregivers of patients with dementia, and assess its effectiveness in improving the symptoms of grief and other health-related variables. The intervention was based on Shear and Bloom's grief intervention program, with the necessary adaptations for use in the grieving process for a family member's illness. A total of 52 family caregivers of individuals with dementia participated. They were evaluated using a battery of self-report measures assessing (...) grief, overload, resilience, post-traumatic growth, experiential avoidance, health-related quality of life, and benefits of care. The results suggest that the program is effective in improving grief symptoms, caregiver burden, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and quality of life of family caregivers. It is necessary to create and implement interventions targeting caregivers' feelings and manifestations of ambiguous grief, because there is a lack of programs providing an efficient solution for the mental and physical health of caregivers, and because of the human and socioeconomic cost involved in neglecting this group. (shrink)

Este estudio de relaciones médico-paciente en Mexico involucró entrevistas realizadas a 1700 pacientes inmediatamente de.\pués de salir de su consulta clínica. Se llevó a cabo entre los años 2004-05 en León, More ha, Guanajuato y en Charleston, West Virginia, USA. Los propósitos fueron: 1) establecer un base de datos como punto de referencia para investigaciones futuras en instituciones del cuidado de la salud con referencia a la comunicación médico-paciente, a la satisfacción de los pacientes y al consentimiento infórmado y, 2) (...) hacer una comparación entre las relaciones medico-paciente en Mexico y los Estados Unidos de America. Hicimos varias conclusiones sobre la comunicación médico-paciente, participación del paciente en decisiones con respecto a su cuidado de salud y el ambiente social de la consulta médica. Ofi-ecemos los datos y los cuestionarios completos por internet a cualquier investigador interesado para estudios futuros de acuerdo con sus propios intereses. Además, encontramos que no huho ninguna diferencia importante en las relaciones médico-pacientes con respecto al consentimiento infórmado y la satisfáccián del paciente entre México y los EEUU. (shrink)

El proceso de despoblación rural en el Valle del Genal se ha visto agravado en las últimas décadas, provocado en parte por el éxodo de sus habitantes en la búsqueda de oportunidades laborales o mejores servicios y equipamientos. La proximidad de la Costa del Sol, en continuo crecimiento turístico desde los años 60, ha sido un fuerte atractor de población activa, favoreciendo esta dinámica. La interrelación entre ambos territorios supone una temática de sumo interés y una oportunidad como laboratorio de (...) estudio e investigación en el marco de la asignatura “Patrimonio, Turismo y Territorio” de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Málaga. (shrink)